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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 32, Number 5, June,
pp.378-386
Determination
of Volatile Organic Compounds in Biological Samples Using Headspace
Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography: Toluene and
Styrene
Radhika Barua1, Lai-Har Chi2, Richard Fitzpatrick3, Douglas
Gillard2, and Paul J. Kostyniak1,2
1Department of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo,
Buffalo, New York;
2Toxicology Research Center, SUNY at Buffalo,
Buffalo, New York; and
3CUBRC, Chemical RDTE & E Group, Buffalo,
New York
Epidemiological and laboratory investigations
have shown that toluene and styrene are toxic compounds that
lead to impairment of the nervous system. To quantitate toluene
and styrene in biological samples, liquid–liquid phase,
headspace (HS), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods
are generally used. Most of these methods are not sensitive enough
for applications involving small sample volumes. Here, we present
a method for quantitative analysis of low concentrations of styrene
and toluene in very small volumes of biological samples using
HS-SPME and gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame-ionization
detector. The method was developed by optimizing operating parameters
that affect the HS-SPME–GC process [i.e., desorption time
(30 s), depth of the fiber in the GC injection port (3.7 cm),
adsorption time (4 min), and adsorption temperature (room temperature)].
It has a wide range of linearity (0.5–500 ng/10 µL),
high precision (coefficient of variation < 5%), good accuracy
(deviation < 11%), and low detection limits of 0.13 and 0.08
ng/10 µL for styrene and toluene in serum, respectively.
This analytical technique can be applied to the estimation of
styrene and toluene in small volumes of biological fluids (blood,
serum, and perilymph) and tissues of low lipid content (cochlea).
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