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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 32, Number 5, June,
pp.364-372
Drug Screening
of Hair by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
S. Hegstad1, H.Z. Khiabani1, L. Kristoffersen1,
N. Kunøe2,
P.P. Lobmaier2, and A.S. Christophersen1
1Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Toxicology
and Drug Abuse, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway and
2University of Oslo, Unit for Addiction Medicine, Kirkeveien 166,
NO-0407 Oslo, Norway
Hair has become an important matrix for drug analysis,
complementary to blood and urine as a matrix. A prolonged detection
window makes hair analysis suitable for the detection of exposure
to illegal and medicinal drugs for periods up to 12 months. In
the present study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass
spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) method for drug screening
in hair was developed and validated. To 20 mg of hair, 0.45 mL
of acetonitrile/25 mM formic acid (5:95 v/v) and 50 µL
of deuterated internal standards were added, and the sample was
incubated in a water bath at 37°C for 18 h. LC separation
was achieved with a Zorbax SB-Phenyl column (2.1 × 100
mm, 3.5-µm particle). Mass detection was performed by positive
ion mode electrospray LC–MS–MS and included the following
drugs/metabolites: nicotine, cotinine, morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine,
codeine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,
cocaine, benzoylecgonine, 7-aminonitrazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam,
7-aminoflunitrazepam, oxazepam, diazepam, alprazolam, zopiclone,
zolpidem, carisoprodol, meprobamate, buprenorphine, and methadone.
Within- and between-assay relative standard deviations varied
from 2.0% to 12% and 2.7% to 15%, respectively. The accuracies
were in the range of –24% to 16%, and recoveries ranged
from 25% to 100%. The LC–MS–MS method proved to be
simple and robust for the determination of drugs in hair. It
has been used for authentic samples in our laboratory in the
past year.
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