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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 31, Number 8, October,
pp.462-468
Cocaine and Metabolites Urinary Excretion
after Controlled Smoked Administration
Marilyn A. Huestis[1], W. David Darwin[1],
Eric Shimomura[2], Shairose A. Lalani[2], Daniel V. Trinidad[2],
Amanda J. Jenkins[3], Edward J. Cone[4], Aaron J. Jacobs[2,5],
Michael L. Smith[2], and Buddha D. Paul[2]
[1]Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program,
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health,
Baltimore, Maryland;
[2]Division of Forensic Toxicology, Office
of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Armed Forces Institute
of Pathology, Rockville, Maryland;
[3]Office of the Cuyahoga
County Coroner, Cleveland, Ohio;
[4]Johns Hopkins School of Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland; and
[5]U.S. Army Medical Department Board,
Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Understanding cocaine and metabolites urinary
excretion following smoking is important for interpretation of
urine test results in judicial, workplace and treatment settings.
In National Institute on Drug Abuse approved studies on a secure
research unit, six subjects smoked placebo, 10, 20, and 40 mg
cocaine with a precise dose delivery device and six different
subjects smoked 42 mg cocaine in a glass pipe. Urine specimens
(n = 700) were collected for up to seven days and analyzed for
cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BE), ecgonine methylester (EME),
m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine (mOHBE), p-hydroxybenzoylecgonine (pOHBE),
norbenzoylecgonine (NBE), and ecgonine (EC) by gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry. ?Mean Cmax for all analytes linearly increased
with increasing dose. Tmax was not dose-dependent. All metabolites
were detected in some subjects within 2 h. EC concentrations
were significantly higher after smoked cocaine in a precise delivery
coil compared to a glass “crack” pipe.
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