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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 31, Number 9, November/December,
pp.601-604
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Detection of Bumetanide
in an Over-the-Counter Dietary Supplement
Archie M. Hoggan[1], Melinda K. Shelby[1], Dennis J. Crouch[1],
Chad R. Borges[2], and Matthew H. Slawson[1]
[1]Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, 417 Wakara
Way Suite 2111, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108;
[2]The Biodesign
Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876401, Tempe,
Arizona, 85287
Bumetanide is a loop diuretic used clinically
to treat heart failure, acute renal failure, high blood pressure,
and edema. However, diuretics may also be used by athletes as
masking agents and to decrease weight. Taken as masking agents,
diuretics increase urine production and decrease urinary concentrations
of banned performance-enhancing agents, such as anabolic steroids.
StarCaps® is an over-the-counter dietary supplement marketed
as a diet aid. The manufacturer claims that the product contains
only natural cleansing agents and emphasizes that it is free
from traditional appetite suppressants such as sympathomimetic
amines. However, no such disclaimer is made concerning diuretic
agents. A single StarCaps capsule was administered to two male
and two female volunteers, and their urine specimens were collected
at discrete intervals (2, 4, 8, and 12 h) post administration.
The specimens were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography–mass
spectrometry quadrupole (HPLC–MS) method, and bumetanide
was detected in all specimens (4.6 to 351.3 ng/mL). Adjusting
the bumetanide concentrations for creatinine content did little
to normalize the excretion profiles. Bumetanide was also detected
in the StarCaps capsules at concentrations approaching therapeutic
doses. HPLC–quadrupole–time-of-flight mass spectrometry
was used to confirm the presence of bumetanide in the urine samples
and StarCaps capsules. The results showed that unregulated dietary
supplements may put consumers at risk for unwitting consumption
of prescription medications, and that it is possible for athletes
to inadvertently test positive for bumetanide and face disciplinary
actions.
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