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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 31, Number 1, January/February 2007,
pp.44-54
TECHNICAL NOTE: Evaluation of Ten Oral Fluid Point-of-Collection
Drug-Testing Devices
J. Michael Walsh[1], Dennis J. Crouch[2], Jonathan P.
Danaceau[3], Leo Cangianelli[1], Laura Liddicoat[2], and Randy Adkins[1]
[1]The Walsh Group P.A., 6701 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300, Bethesda, Maryland
20817;
[2]Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, 417 Wakara Way, Suite 2111,
Salt Lake City, Utah 84108; and
[3]Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Box 7996,
Madison, Wisconsin 53707
Previously, the laboratory evaluations of six point-of-collection
oral fluid (POC-OF) drug testing devices were reported. Four additional devices,
Oralstat® (American Bio Medica); SmartClip (Envitec); Impact® (LifePoint®);
and OraLine® IV s.a.t (Sun Biomedical Laboratories), were recently evaluated
for their ability to meet the claimed (and proposed) cutoff concentrations set
by the manufacturers for the detection of amphetamine(s), cocaine/metabolite,
opiates, and cannabinoids (Oralstat also benzodiazepines). With the exception
of the Sun Biomedical device, actual false-positive results were not encountered.
Most devices performed well for the detection of opiates and amphetamine(s),
but approximately half had amphetamine(s) cutoff concentrations greater than
that proposed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA). Only three devices had cocaine cutoffs less than or equal to 20 ng/mL
(SAMHSA), and a number of false-negative results were obtained. The devices
still were not capable of detecting D9-tetrahydrocannabinol at 4 ng/mL (SAMHSA).
However, sensitivities improved since the initial studies, and approximately
half of the devices met the THC-COOH cutoff proposed by SAMHSA. Results from
the current and previous evaluations are presented in the paper and indicate
that the sensitivity and performance of commercial OF drug testing devices is
improving, but remains problematic for the reliable detection of cannabinoid
use.
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