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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 30, Issue 7, September 2006,
pp.468-477
Rapid Screening for and Simultaneous Semiquantitative Analysis
of Thirty Abused Drugs in Human Urine Samples Using Gas Chromatography–
Mass Spectrometry
Tomomi Ishida[1], Keiko Kudo[1], Hiromasa Inoue[1], Akiko Tsuji[1], Takashi
Kojima[2], and Noriaki Ikeda[1],
[1]Department of Forensic Pathology and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical
Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan and
[2]Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan
In Japan, a wide variety of designer drugs became popular among
juveniles because of their availability via the Internet and mobile phones.
Hence, it is necessary to develop simple and rapid screening method for these
drugs. We devised a rapid screening method for and simultaneous semiquantitative
analysis of 30 abused drugs, including amphetamines, amphetamine-, piperazine-,
tryptamine-, and phenethylamine-derived designer drugs and opiates in human
urine. The urine sample was digested with urease, and the drugs were analyzed
by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry in the scan mode after solid-phase
extraction with a Focus™ column and acetylation. The retention time obtained
with the use of a retention time locking technique and three qualifier ions
were used to obtain positive results. As the Focus column requires only simple
extraction steps and can retain various drugs of a wide range of polarity, screening
of 30 abused drugs was feasible within 3 h. The calibration curves were linear
in the concentration range of 100–5000 ng/mL in most drugs with correlation
coefficients exceeding 0.99. The absolute recoveries for all drugs in urine
samples were 6.9–125.4% at the concentration 1000 ng/mL. This method will
be most useful to confirm the presence of many abused drugs in urine in clinical
and forensic cases.
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