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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 30, Issue 3, April 2006,
pp. 165-170
Closed Cup Vapor Systems in Percutaneous Exposure Studies:
What is the Dose?
Christopher H. Dalton, Michael P. Maidment, John
Jenner, and Robert P. Chilcott
Dstl Biomedical Sciences, CBD Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, United
Kingdom
Percutaneous vapor dosing studies have generally used saturated
vapor concentration (SVC) measurements to estimate the exposure dose (Ct) of
vapor produced from a volatile liquid within a closed system. The purpose of
this study was to clarify whether the assumption was valid when translated to
a biological system (pig skin) using sulfur mustard (SM) as a model skin penetrant.
Three systems were evaluated, two containing skin and a control system (without
skin). At set time points, samples from the headspace of each dosing system
were extracted using a gas-tight syringe and analyzed by gas chromatography
in conjunction with a flame-ionization detector. This demonstrated the rapid
achievement of a constant vapor concentration within the biological and control
systems and enabled a comparison with previously determined SVCs attained under
ideal conditions. All three systems attained a constant vapor concentration
within 2 min of exposure to SM. The control system reached an equilibrium vapor
concentration of 1179 ± 164 mg/m3, a value not significantly different
from that derived from the SVC (1363 mg/m3). Because of absorption in the skin
systems, SM vapor concentrations were significantly lower than that derived
from the SVC and were dependent on the skin surface area within the dosing chamber
(592 ± 246 mg/m3 for a surface area of 10.15 cm2 and 740 ± 224
mg/m3 for a surface area of 2.54 cm2). The assumption that SVC gives an acceptable
measure of the Ct was shown to be valid by comparison with sulfur mustard recovered
from the skin.
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