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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 27, Number 2, March 2003,
pp. 68-73
Amphetamine Concentrations in Human Urine following Single-Dose
Administration of the Calcium Antagonist Prenylamine—Studies Using
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA) and GC–MS
Thomas Kraemer†, Susanne K. Roditis, Frank
T. Peters, and Hans H.
Maurer
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental
and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg
(Saar), Germany
Prenylamine (R,S-N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl-methyl-2-phenethylamine),
a World Health Organization class V calcium antagonist, is known to be metabolized
to amphetamine. In this study, amphetamine concentrations after a single-dose
administration of prenylamine were determined to check if they reached values
that could be of analytical and/or pharmacological importance in clinical and
forensic toxicology. Enantiomeric composition of amphetamine was also studied.
Five volunteers received a single 120-mg oral dose of prenylamine. Urine samples
were analyzed using the Abbott TDx immunoassay Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II
and using our routine systematic toxicological analysis (STA) gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC–MS) procedure. For quantitation purposes, GC–MS
was used in the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode (ions m/z 118, 122, 240, 244)
after solid-phase extraction (Isolute Confirm HCX) and derivatization (heptafluorobutyric
anhydride). Amphetamine-d5 was used as internal standard (IS). Chiral separation
of the heptafluorobutyrated amphetamine enantiomers was achieved using an Astec
Chiraldex G-PN column. The TDx results showed a great variability for the different
volunteers. A urine sample of one volunteer showed results as high as 3200 ng/mL,
whereas the urine samples of another volunteer never gave results greater than
the TDx detection limit (100 ng/mL). Using the STA procedure, the presence of
amphetamine could be confirmed in all urine samples with TDx results greater
than the cutoff value (300 ng/mL). Using the GC–MS SIM method, amphetamine
concentrations up to 1280 ng/mL were determined. Chiral analysis revealed that
both enantiomers of amphetamine were present in the samples with a surplus of
the S(+)-enantiomer in the early phase of excretion. Forensic implications are
discussed.
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