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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 27, Number 1, January/February
2003,
pp. 15-19
Direct Screening of Urine for MDMA and MDA by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem
Mass Spectrometry
Helena K. Nordgren† and Olof Beck
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet,
Sweden
There is a limit in the number of substances detected by commercially
available reagents. It is therefore important to have other, complementary
techniques. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS)
may offer one possibility. An LC–MS–MS procedure based on the detection
of positive ions after atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was
developed for direct measurement of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine in urine. It was compared with Online® Amphetamines.
The LC–MS–MS methodology showed improved sensitivity (100-ng/mL
cutoff) and specificity with a coefficient of variation of 10%. It was compared
to the immunochemical analysis using 1000 clinical patient urine samples. The
positive samples were confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
The LC–MS–MS method detected almost four times as many samples
positive for MDMA compared to the immunochemical method, with no false positives
and one false negative. Our study suggests that LC–MS–MS offers
an alternative to immunochemical methods in drug of abuse screening.
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