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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 25, Number 7, October, pp. 625-627
TECHNICAL
NOTE: The Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Liquid Perspiration
Dennis J.
Crouch[1], Royer F. Cook[2], James V. Trudeau[2], David C. Dove[2], Jerome J.
Robinson[3], H. Lewis Webster[4], and Alim A. Fatah[5]
[1]The Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East Room
490, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;
[2]The Institute for Social Analysis, Alexandria, Virginia;
[3]Washington Pretrial Services Agency, Washington, D.C.;
[4]Wescor, Inc, Logan, Utah; and
[5]National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
Drug
testing is widely used in emergency toxicology, the criminal justice system,
and in the workplace. Major uses in the criminal justice system include pretrial
drug testing (1), drug courts, the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring system, post-adjudication
testing by probation and parole departments (2), and testing of law enforcement
personnel (3). In the workplace, testing is performed prior to employment, in
safety-sensitive positions, randomly, and following accidents that result in
personal injury or property damage (4). Urine has been the specimen of choice
for emergency toxicology, criminal justice, and workplace testing. However,
both the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) (5) and the Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (6) continue to explore new specimens
to test for drugs-of-abuse and innovative methods for testing.
Liquid perspiration (sweat) collection devices have been approved for clinical
applications and for drugs-of abuse testing (Macroduct® and PharmChek™)
(7,8). Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of detecting drug use
through sweat patch testing (9,10). A major limitation of sweat patch testing
is that the production of liquid perspiration varies with ambient temperature
and physical activity. Therefore, the volume of perspiration collected by the
patch during the week that it is worn is unknown. This precludes meaningful
(drug per milliliter of perspiration) quantitative analysis of drugs detected
on the patch and limits the interpretative value of a sweat patch drug test
result. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of collecting and testing liquid
perspiration for drugs of abuse. Reproduction
of editorial content of this journal is prohibited without publisher’s
permission.
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