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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 25,
Number 2, March 2001, pp. 93-98
GC–MS Determination
of Heroin Metabolites in Meconium: Evaluation of Four Solid-Phase Extraction
Cartridges
Maissa Y.
Salem[1,5], Samir A. Ross[1,2], Timothy P. Murphy[4], and Mahmoud A. ElSohly[1,3,4]
[1]National Center for the Development of Natural Products, Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
[2]Department of Pharmacognosy, and
[3]Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
38677;
[4]ElSohly Laboratories, Incorporated (ELI), 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford,
Mississippi 38655; and
[5]Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo,
11562, Egypt
A
procedure for extraction of heroin and metabolites for gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of meconium specimens that would allow detection
of these analytes at low levels was needed. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges
were therefore evaluated for their effectiveness in sample preparation. Four
different types of commercially available extraction cartridges were used. Heroin,
6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), morphine, and codeine were extracted from meconium
samples using these SPE cartridges and then simultaneously analyzed using GC–MS.
In each case, the extraction efficiency, linearity range, limit of detection
(LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), between-run precision, and within-run precision
were determined. Although satisfactory results were obtained with the four different
types of SPE cartridges, best overall performance was observed using Clean Screen®
columns following the procedures outlined here. LODs as low as 20 ng/g for codeine,
10 ng/g for morphine, and 2.5 ng/g for 6-MAM were obtained, and LOQs as low
as 20 ng/g for codeine, 10 ng/g for morphine, and 5 ng/g for 6-MAM were obtained.
In all cases linearities were observed (r = > 0.99) for codeine, morphine,
and 6-MAM over a wide concentration range (100–2000, 100–2000, and
5–100, respectively). At 50 ng/g codeine and morphine and 10 ng/g 6-MAM,
the precision of analysis using these cartridges showed coefficients of variation
ranging from 4.75% to 15.5%. Reproduction
of editorial content of this journal is prohibited without publisher’s
permission.
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