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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 25,
Number 1, January/February,
pp. 40-44
Analysis
of Methadone and its Metabolites in Meconium by Enzyme Immunoassay (EMIT®)
and GC–MS
Mahmoud
A. ElSohly, Shixia Feng, and Timothy P. Murphy
ElSohly Laboratories, Incorporated, 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, Mississippi
38655
An EMIT-ETS™
d.a.u. immunoassay screening method for methadone in meconium and a gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC–MS) method for methadone and its metabolites including
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenylpyrroline
(EMDP) in meconium were described. The GC–MS method showed good linearity
(r2 ³ 0.998) over a concentration range of 25–2000 ng/g with limits of
detection of 10, 25, and 10 ng/g for methadone, EDDP, and EMDP, respectively,
and a limit of quantitation of 25 ng/g for all three analytes. Fifty pooled
meconium samples were screened using a cutoff of 200 ng/g, and all samples screened
negative. GC–MS analysis of all samples showed four samples to contain
methadone (35.2 to 79.9 ng/g), EDDP (28.5 to 557.2 ng/g), or both, with no detectable
amount of EMDP. The negative results on the four specimens at the cutoff used
may be explained by the fact that EMIT-ETS d.a.u. antibody for methadone was
specific to the parent drug. The results point to the fact that immunoassays
should be directed to EDDP for detection of prenatal exposure of methadone through
analysis of meconium specimens.
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