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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 24,
Number 7, October,
pp. 589-594
Here is where the title stuff goes
Performance
Evaluation of Four On-Site Drug-Testing Devices for Detection of Drugs of Abuse
in Urine
Michelle
R. Peace1, Lisa D. Tarnai2, and Alphonse Poklis1,*
1Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus at Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0165 and 2Scientific Testing Laboratories,
Inc., Richmond, Virginia 23236
On-site
drug tests are becoming increasingly more popular because of their easy test
protocols and instantaneous results. This study evaluates the performance of
four on-site drug testing devices that use competitive binding immunoassays
to qualitatively determine the presence of drugs in urine: Triage® Panel
for Drugs of Abuse plus TCA, QuickScreen™ Pro-Multi Drug Screening Tests,
Syva® Rapid Test d.a.u.™ 5 and d.a.u.™ 2, and Rapid Drug Screen™.
All devices simultaneously determine the presence of the following drugs of
abuse: amphetamine (AMP), benzoylecgonine (BE), 11-nor-9-carboxy-D9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THCA), opiates (OPI), and phencyclidine (PCP). Triage and Rapid Drug Screen
also simultaneously test for benzodiazepines (BZB) and barbiturates (BRB), whereas
QuickScreen and Rapid Test require separate devices for the BZB and BRB analyses.
Urine specimens (222) containing drug concentrations around or above cutoff
values were screened by ONLINE or EMIT II immunoassays. Of these, 199 yielded
positive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results with at least 17
positive specimens in each drug class. Specimens with the target drugs added
at 16.7% above and below the cutoff, 33.3% above and below the cutoff, and 66.7%
above the cutoff were also used to evaluate the test devices. Sensitivity and
specificity calculations demonstrated that Triage performed most predictably
in the donor urine specimens and the drug-added specimens. In addition, it required
the least amount of test volume and was the only device in which the appearance
of a colored line indicated a positive result. Therefore, of the devices studied,
Triage was the most dependable and reproducible on-site drug-screening device.
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